The Kli Yakar - Parshat Vayikra

The Necessity of Humility in Order to Truly Learn

The last letter of the first word of Parshat Vayikra, the alef, is written in miniature.
 
There are several reasons for this, many of which have to do with Moshe Rabbeinu’s great humility.
 
Seeing as the word l’alef means “to teach,” the Kli Yakar combines the letter’s diminutive size and meaning by stating:

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It hints that learning does not exist other than in he who makes himself small. And therefore, it hints at how Moshe made himself small and fled from power and said, “I am not a man of words” (Shemot 4:10)….

This possibly explains the common observation that the innately clever students who excel in all their  studies often do not make the best spouses or parents, even those who also reach the top of their class in Torah studies.

This is not always true, of course.

Yet many (but not all!) people who possess high scholastic aptitude often tend to also feel they are innately better and smarter than the average person—even though many geniuses obviously make foolish mistakes in their personal and business lives and can behave with far less integrity, too.

(There are many examples of this in both the non-Jewish and Jewish communities.)

Yet this is how many academically intelligent people seem to feel and even what they are often told since childhood.

But the small alef here indicates that people cannot internalize what they learn unless they humble themselves from within. Or perhaps in other words, that their absorption of Torah values will parallel their level of humility.

Greater Power Means Greater Responsibility

In the following verse, the Kli Yakar discusses the reasons for the variety of sacrifices necessary according to one’s means. The practical reasons are clear, but there are also spiritual reasons as to why wealthier transgressors need to sacrifice a bull, while the poorer ones need to sacrifice birds, and impoverished need to sacrifice simple grains.

In the following verse, the Kli Yakar discusses the reasons for the variety of sacrifices necessary according to one’s means. The practical reasons are clear, but there are also spiritual reasons as to why wealthier transgressors need to sacrifice a bull, while the poorer ones need to sacrifice birds, and impoverished need to sacrifice simple grains.

First of all, he points out that the wealthier one is, the more prominence, power, and influence one has. A wealthier person also has access to a better Torah education. (Especially in the Kli Yakar’s times, books and tutors were the luxury of the rich.) Therefore, a transgression on the part of a wealthy person contains a similar quality to that of a horned animal who can gore at Heaven, so to speak.

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"But the poor man’s power is weaker and therefore his “goring” is not as great and resembles the bird who strikes with his wing….and thus, his sacrifice is turtledoves or young doves because he himself is among the pursued…."

Finally, an utterly impoverished person, who would sometimes go without food the whole day, no matter how taxing his or her physical work was (and even drinkable water could be hard to come by), who suffered weakness, feelings of despondency, and the other physiological effects of poverty, would feel dead inside. And so, the Kli Yakar explains, this person's sacrifice consisted of something lacking the spark of life.

Finding the Balance Between the Extremes

“….because you shall not cause to ascend in smoke any leavening and any honey as a fire-offering to Hashem.” (2:11)

The Kli Yakar explains the necessity of physical desires and how to balance these physical desires with spiritual desires:

Each person has his desire for all the delights of This World as symbolized by honey because just as the honey is sweet to the palate and too much causes harm, then likewise are the delights of This World; they are necessary and too much of them causes harm.
So this is the counsel that is advised: A person should utilize that which is necessary and that which is extraneous, he should deny himself.

And the leavening represents the yetzer hara [evil inclination] and like Rebbi Alexandri said in his prayer, “Our will is to do Your Will, but the leavening that is in the dough is obstructing” (Brachot 17). And these two are necessary for the existence of Man because if he wouldn’t attend to his essential needs—which are symbolized by honey—he would die. And he wouldn’t live and his limbs wouldn’t be strong and healthy to toil in the mitzvot of Hashem.
And if there was no yetzer hara, a man wouldn’t marry a woman and he wouldn’t build a house and the world would be desolate.

And these two things precede time-wise to occupying oneself with Torah and mitzvot because if a person wouldn’t first eat flour, there wouldn’t be Torah. But occupying oneself with Torah should be one’s first intention and priority because just as the leavening and the honey that we mentioned lack the totality [shleimut] on their own to raise a pleasant aroma [rei’ach nicho’ach] to Hashem, yet they are a priority and come first for a person, because through them, he can attain spiritual perfection [shleimut hanefesh]. 

Rabbi Shlomo Ephraim of Luntschitz (1550-1619) lived in Bohemia (which is today Poland and Czechoslovakia). He served as rabbi and dayan and wrote several books, the most well-known being his commentary on the Chumash known as the Kli Yakar.
This is my own translation and any errors are also mine.